Využitie analýzy transkriptómov jednotlivých buniek a priestorovej transkriptomiky pri štúdiu neurodegeneratívnych chorôb

Abstract

Meto ́dy sekvenovania RNA jednotlivy ́ch buniek (single-cell RNA sequencing; scRNA-seq) a priestorovo rozlı 's ̌enej transkriptomiky (spatially resolved transcriptomics; SRT) priniesli nove ́ moz ̌nosti vy 'skumu centra ́lneho nervove ́ho syste ́mu (CNS). Vd'aka nim je dnes moz ̌ne ́ sledovat ' expresiu tisı ́cok ge ́nov v tisı ́ckach buniek su ́c ̌asne. Meto ́dy SRT navys ̌e umoz ̌n ̌uju ́ priradit ' analyzovany ́m transkriptom ich priestorovu ́ pozı ́ciu v tkanive. Tieto meto ́dy tak ponu ́kaju ́ podrobnejs ̌ı ́ pohl'ad na procesy prebiehaju ́ce v bunka ́ch, c ̌o mo ̂z ̌e byt ' vyuz ̌ite ́ pri odhal'ovanı ́ ro ̂znych patologicky ́ch procesov. Ta ́to pra ́ca sa zameriava na aplika ́ciu a prı ́nos ty ́chto meto ́d pri s ̌tu ́diu komplexny ́ch neurodegeneratı ́vnych ochorenı ́, konkre ́tne Alzheimerovej, Parkinsonovej a Huntingtonovej choroby. Kl'u ́c ̌ove ́ slova ́: sekvenovanie RNA jednotlivy ́ch buniek, priestorovo rozlı 's ̌ena ́ trans- kriptomika, neurodegeneratı ́vne ochorenia, Alzheimerova choroba, Parkinsonova choroba, Huntingtonova choroba

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) have introduced new research possibilities for the central nervous system (CNS). These methods enable simultaneous tracking of the expression of thousands of genes in thousands of cells. Additionally, SRT allows the assignment of analyzed transcriptomes to their spatial positions in the tissue. These methods offer a closer look at the processes occurring in cells and can be utilized in the discovery of various pathological processes. This work focuses on applying these methods to the study of neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Key words: single-cell RNA sequencing, spatially resolved transcriptomics, neurodege- nerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntigton's disease