Afázie v lingvistice, lingvistika v afáziologii

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to show the place of aphasia in linguistic research and the contribution of linguistic theory to the study of aphasia. It begins by introducing certain aspects of neuroscience and its methods, which inform the medical typology and symptomatology of aphasia. The role of linguistics in multidisciplinary aphasiology is discussed both from the historical and the contemporary point of view. The second part outlines the linguistic approach to testing and treating aphasia and, with reference to two international comparative research projects, it describes the universal and languagespecific characteristics of aphasia. Finally, it presents the seminal result of a long-term study of agrammatism in Czech, namely the interplay between the typological character of the language and the manifestation of aphasia symptoms.