http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/96241 Volume 2015 Mon, 20 Apr 2026 08:07:09 GMT 2026-04-20T08:07:09Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97160 Studium současné vegetace v Súdánu jako důležitý nástroj pro interpretaci archeobotanických výzkumů v severovýchodní Africe; ; ; Attempts at reconstructing past environments are an important part of archaeobotanical investigations. However, any interpretation of archaeobotanical data must be, among other things, based on a detailed knowledge of species behaviour in recent vegetation. To meet this requirement, we studied vegetation in the area surrounding archaeological excavations in the western part of Jebel Sabaloka, near the 6th Nile Cataract in the Sudan, based on sample-plots (relevés) in different habitats covering a gradient from dry rocks to the irrigated alluvial plain of the River Nile. The species composition variability clearly corresponds with the environmental gradient of water availability. In addition to that, the vegetation of the irrigated alluvial plain shows a clear difference in the management of the plots (fields versus scrubby edges). Plant species with a narrow niche were selected as potential diagnostic species for certain habitats, in contrast to species with a broad niche. However, we need to be cautious in making generalizations about this finding. Especially for reconstructing the remote past, the knowledge of the local environment would be insufficient. It is generally known that the Holocene climate differed distinctively from that of today. In reconstructing the older phases of the Holocene, it is necessary to investigate recent vegetation in areas situated much further to the south. Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97160 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97140 Merojské královské město ve Wad Ben Naga; The Meroitic royal city at Wad Ben Naga; ; ; Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97140 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97081 Vysoká přehrada: projekt a jeho důsledky; The High Dam: the project and its consequences; ; ; The project of the High Dam at Aswan is a continuation of an ancient tradition. The Egyptian pharaohs since the earliest periods of the Egyptian history made an effort to control the use of water of the Nile inundation for the benefit of the country’s agriculture. Careful records of the height of the Nile flood, building of barrages and dams, and digging of irrigation canals all belonged to the ancient Egyptians’means of helping prosperity and avoiding crop failure even during the years of too high or too low inundation. Similar to the ancient projects, the modern buildings, such as the Aswan dam, also provided only a partial solution to the problem. The High Dam at Aswan on the other hand brought a lasting possibility of collecting water in a large artificial lake, and of its use in agriculture regardless of the actual yearly volume of the river. In addition, the production of electricity enabled the necessary industrial development of Egypt. Despite the benefits of the project of the High Dam for Egypt, however, a number of problems arose, including the urgent need of saving the monuments of Lower Nubia. The Egyptian call to the UNESCO was answered in 1959, and the international salvage campaign started soon after, in which – besides many other countries – the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology participated. Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97081 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97083 The miraculous rise of the Fifth Dynasty – the story of Papyrus Westcar and historical evidence; ; ; The decline of the powerful Fourth Dynasty and the rise of a new royal line, the Fifth Dynasty, have for a long time been shrouded in mystery and have become the stuff of legends. These events are referred to in the tale of the miraculous rise of the first three kings of the Fifth Dynasty, recorded on the Papyrus Westcar. However, relevant historical sources relating to the ascension of the new dynasty have for a long time been only few and ambiguous. The mystery surrounding the ascension of the Fifth Dynasty has now been altered fundamentally by new archaeological discoveries, in particular in the course of the research of the pyramid field in Abusir. These discoveries and the role played by three royal mothers named Khentkaus in the events at the end of the Fourth and the beginning of the Fifth Dynasty, are discussed in the cited article. Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/97083 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z