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<title>Matematicko-fyzikální fakulta</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/1903</link>
<description>Faculty of Mathematics and Physics</description>
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<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207824"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207823"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207822"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207795"/>
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<dc:date>2026-04-23T20:33:10Z</dc:date>
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<item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207824">
<title>Low energy reactive collisions in negatively charged triatomic systems</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207824</link>
<description>Low energy reactive collisions in negatively charged triatomic systems
Tato práce představuje simulace reaktivních srážek O− s H2, D2, T2, HD, DT a HT metodou klasických trajektorií Monte Carlo. Výpočty využívají vylepšený analytický fit ploch potenciální energie aniontu a neutrální molekuly a semiklasický model autodetachmentu elektronu založený na Wignerově prahovém zákoně. Tři parametry modelu jsou fixovány pomocí experimentálních dat pro O− + H2 a O− + D2; výsledky pro všechny zbývající izotopické varianty jsou predikcemi. Předpovězené reakční rychlostní koeficienty pro O− + HD jsou v dobré shodě s novými experimentálními měřeními. Asociativní odtržení elektronu dominuje pro všechny izotopology, zatímco přenos vodíku je slabší a citlivější na izotopický efekt. Klasická dynamika vykazuje známky deterministického chaosu. Vylepšené plochy potenciální energie nacházejí uplatnění také při modelování srážek elektronů s molekulami.; This thesis presents classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations of reactive col- lisions of O− with H2, D2, T2, HD, DT, and HT. The calculations employ an improved analytical fit of the anionic and neutral potential energy surfaces and a semiclassical model of electron autodetachment based on the Wigner threshold law. Three model parameters are fixed using experimental data for O− + H2 and O− + D2; results for all remaining isotopic variants are predictions. The predicted reaction rate coefficients for O− + HD agree well with new experimental measure- ments. Associative electron detachment dominates across all isotopologues, while hydrogen transfer is weaker and more sensitive to the isotope effect. The classical dynamics exhibit signatures of deterministic chaos. The improved potential energy surfaces also find application in modeling electron-molecule collisions.
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<dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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<item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207823">
<title>Magneto-optical spectroscopy as a probe of the electronic structure and magnetism of materials and nanostructures</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207823</link>
<description>Magneto-optical spectroscopy as a probe of the electronic structure and magnetism of materials and nanostructures
</description>
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<item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207822">
<title>Crystals for Modern Science and Applications</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207822</link>
<description>Crystals for Modern Science and Applications
</description>
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<item rdf:about="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207795">
<title>Long-Form Simultaneous Speech Translation</title>
<link>http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/207795</link>
<description>Long-Form Simultaneous Speech Translation
Simulta ́nnı ́ pr ̌eklad r ̌ec ̌i (SimulST) si klade za cı ́l pr ̌ekla ́dat mluveny ́ ja- zyk do psane ́ho textu, zatı ́mco mluvc ̌ı ́ jes ̌te ̌ hovor ̌ı ́. Tento poz ̌adavek na zpra- cova ́nı ́ v rea ́lne ́m c ̌ase vytva ́r ̌ı ́ za ́kladnı ́ kompromis mezi kvalitou a latencı ́: dr ̌ı ́ve ̌js ̌ı ́ vyda ́nı ́ vy 'stupu sniz ̌uje latenci, ale zvys ̌uje riziko za ́vazku k nesta- bilnı ́m hypote ́za ́m, zejme ́na kdyz ̌ je vstup neu ́plny ́ a por ̌adı ́dek slov se lis ̌ı ́ mezi jazyky. V te ́to disertac ̌nı ́ pra ́ci posouva ́me SimulST dve ̌ma dopln ̌ujı ́cı ́mi se sme ̌ry. Za prve ́, vyvı ́jı ́me prakticke ́ metody pro ovladatelne ́ a efektivnı ́ deko ́dova ́nı ́ v be ̌z ̌ne ̌ pouz ̌ı ́vane ́m kra ́tke ́m forma ́tu, vc ̌etne ̌ ra ́mce pro inkre- menta ́lnı ́ deko ́dova ́nı ́ neza ́visle ́ho na modelu, ktery ́ pr ̌eva ́dı ́ offline modely na simulta ́nnı ́; vyleps ̌ene ́ho beam searchu, ktery ́ umoz ̌n ̌uje skutec ̌ne ̌ inkre- menta ́lnı ́ vy 'stup a explicitnı ́ kontrolu kvality a latence; a deko ́dovacı ́ stra- tegie zaloz ̌ene ́ na CTC, ktera ́ sniz ̌uje opakovane ́ deko ́dovanı ́. Za druhe ́, po- souva ́me SimulST sme ̌rem k realisticke ́mu dlouhe ́mu vstupu, kde hranice ve ̌t nejsou da ́ny pr ̌edem. Navrhujeme segmentaci r ̌ı ́zenou koncovy ́mi signa ́ly ve ̌t v generovane ́m pr ̌ekladu a latentnı ́mi...; Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) aims to translate spoken lan- guage into written text while the speaker is still talking. This real-time requirement creates a fundamental quality-latency trade-off: emitting out- put earlier reduces delay but increases the risk of committing to unstable hypotheses, especially when the input is incomplete and word order dif- fers across languages. In this thesis, we advance SimulST along two com- plementary directions. First, we develop practical methods for controllable and efficient decoding in the commonly used short-form setting, including a model-agnostic incremental decoding framework that onlinizes offline speech translation models; improved blockwise beam search that enables truly incre- mental output and explicit quality-latency control; and a CTC-based stabil- ity policy that reduces repeated decoding passes. Second, we move SimulST towards realistic long-form input, where sentence boundaries are not given a priori, by proposing on-the-fly segmentation driven by end-of-sentence cues in the generated translation and latent alignments extracted from speech- translation CTC, enabling a single end-to-end model to translate and segment simultaneously without an external segmentation module. Finally, we ana- lyze how SimulST is studied and evaluated in practice...
</description>
<dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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